Trade unions across India staged widespread protests on Wednesday, intensifying their resistance to the Central government’s proposed new labour codes, which they argue will dilute workers’ rights, reduce job security, and weaken social protections. Demonstrations took place in major cities, industrial hubs, public sector units, and transportation networks, with thousands of workers participating.

The four new labour codes — covering wages, industrial relations, social security, and occupational safety — aim to consolidate 29 existing laws. However, unions say the reforms overwhelmingly favour employers by allowing easier layoffs, increasing contract labour, and limiting collective bargaining. They fear the changes could accelerate privatization and erode the rights traditionally guaranteed under India’s labour framework.

Leaders from central trade unions such as INTUC, AITUC, CITU, HMS, and others described the codes as “anti-worker” and demanded their immediate withdrawal. Protesters highlighted concerns over fixed-term employment, relaxed compliance norms for companies, and reduced oversight on workplace safety. Many also criticized the delay in implementing social security provisions while pushing forward employer-friendly regulations.

In several states, public transport services, banks, insurance offices, and state-run enterprises saw partial disruption as employees joined the demonstrations. Industrial clusters in Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Karnataka witnessed large gatherings calling for stronger labour protections.

Economists note that while the government seeks to simplify regulations and attract investment, the lack of consensus with labour groups risks creating prolonged tension in India’s industrial ecosystem. Unions have warned of stronger nationwide strikes if the government does not reopen consultations.

With both sides holding firm, the debate over India’s labour reforms is set to intensify in the coming months.